One of the oldest and continues civilization, India is better known to western world for her mystic appeal. The land of snake charmers, saints and exotic landscape having a rich history that beguile people over the centuries. A 5000 years old history united by its diversity. History itself echoed at every aspects of Indian life.

Indian major civilization flourished about 2500 BC on the bank of Indus river also known as Indus Valley civilization. Around 1500 BC Aryan tribes from the central Asia trailed down into northwest India and known later as Indo-Aryan. The Dravidians were pushed into south India. India was essentially a Hindu state until invaders from Muslim states captured during the early half of eleventh century. Mahmud Gazni from Afghanistan was first ruler who made the first impression. These raids were the first initiation to fragile the whole backbone of India. As India was the richest country, powerful raiders from Arab continued their invasion to the land of gold. Mahmud Ghauri attached was made a strong impact and was the foundation of foreign empire in India. Followed by row of Muslim invaders absorbed India�s wealth at their best. A large part of India was established under Muslim ruler, the most vibrant era of Indian history was during the period of Mughal. Most of the monuments, which is now India’s pride were gifted by Mughals. Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb were pillars of Mughal dynasty. Most of historic monuments were made during the period of Mughal empire. Shah Jahan was credited of India’s greatest pride, Taj Mahal. Apart from that Mughals were the architect to form a rich cultural heritage. Most of forts, palaces, gardens, mosques and many ancient monuments were presented by Mughals. Mughals were also credited for the efficient administrative set ups in India. their revenue administration formed the base of land reform and revenue laws India till date.

After Aurangzeb, no other Mughal ruler really stood strong and gradually slid down and India saw the rise of Marathas in western India. On the other hand an other new invasion was germinating in different way. Western world was curious to explore India but due to strong Mughal influence they couldn’t able to do. Between 1498 and 1510 AD, Goa was captured by Portuguese led by Vasco da Gama, on the other side East India Company of England set the first trading post at Surat, in Gujarat. British and Portuguese were not only ones but later on French , Dutch and Danes also had trading post but the it was Britishers who later rule the country for over 150 years.

History of modern India is full of struggle for freedom and uprose of great fighters still in the mind of people for their patriotism and bravery. Who can forget the world renowned name Gandhi who stirred the world by his new mantra of non-violence. Indian freedom movement was one of the most significant process in world history. Its repercussions were beyond political consequences, it nailed to British imperialism and transformed the political expression of the globe.

Britishers are always accused of stealing wealth of India but there are good things that left behind India. They ended 700 years old rule of Muslim dynasties. Their rule paid rich dividend in terms of educational system, organized a formidable civil service, well-trained military services, and re-organized the archaic tax system and not least the colonist architectural marvels, which are the proud heritage of India. Some beautiful churches in Goa, Buildings in Kerala, Bengal and some southern part of India decorated the India’s landscape.

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